A Thematic Literature Review Low Income Single Mothers

A Thematic Literature Review Low-income Single Mothers Shagana Vijayaratnam SOCI 2030_B 2015-16 Professor L. Goldring TA G. Kilicaslan November 1, 2015 Literature Review Statement: This literature review will focus on the different types of struggles that low-income single mothers face. This review will include a broad overview of the published literature on the issues of welfare, childcare and employment that low-income single mothers challenge. The review will depict the difficulty low-income single mother’s face in term of raising a child on their own and the lack of support that they receive. Poverty amongst low-income single mothers is caused by lack of financial aid. Low-income single mothers endure the hardship of raising a child and paying numerous bills for survival with such minimal assistance. Welfare The notion of welfare is very prevalent in majority of the low-income single mother’s lives as this is probably their only essential income for a living. The dependence on welfare has become very high as finding a job is becoming increasingly more difficult. The very negative aspect of welfare is the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which helps women financially for a small period of time. During this time women are expected to find a job and in many cases women do not find a job leaving them unemployed and strained from welfare income. The procedure in finding a job is very difficult as there are manyShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Methods in Business Research3572 Words   |  15 PagesStudy Definition It is an understatement that there is confusion among students, teachers and researchers about the definition of case study research. 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How Capitalism Contributes Towards Unemployment Essay

This business proposal will address the idea of unemployment as a social problem in today’s society. How capitalism contributes towards unemployment is an issue that has been around since the 2007 recession and continue to be an issue for the foreseeable future. A business idea to help move in the right direction and hopefully start to lower the unemployment rate in New Zealand is to start a market where people who are unemployed and willing to work can sell food and generate income for themselves and their families. A PESTEL analysis about the environment this market will be entering will need to be conducted with a key focus on the economic, social and legal aspects as these are the three that have the largest effect on the business. This business idea will hopefully be able to develop and the business will be able to create more markets throughout New Zealand in the future, therefore being able to reach a larger number of people to try and decrease the unemployment rates. Unemployment is unfortunately a large social problem in society today. Being unemployed can mean that people are unable to pay rent or feed their family; two things that are essentially vital to living. When a large amount of people are unemployed, it has extensive economic and social effects, including homelessness. Jackson Crooks quote that ‘you don’t live when you are unemployed-you exist’. Being unemployed can lead to not only financial stress but can lead to increased social isolation, crime andShow MoreRelatedStakeholder Capitalism Vs. Shareholder Capitalism1573 Words   |  7 Pageswas the use of capitalism since the last couple of decades. There were two separate types or levels of capitalism that were used in American society, which was capitalism 2.0 and capitalism 3.0. In the 1940s the beginning of capitalism 2.0 otherwise known as stakeholder capitalism. 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The Perfect Day free essay sample

The Perfect Day When I was a little girl I would dream about my wedding day. I would pick out what colors I wanted. I had to have almost everything be pink because it was my favorite color. I used to even play dress up with all of my younger sisters. I would always have to be the princess, and they could dress up as anything else. I had a special white fluffy dress that my mother had made me for Halloween. No one was allowed to wear it but me. I would always say my wedding day would be the happiest day of my life. I wanted to feel like a princess, and could not wait until my Prince Charming would come and take me away. It was the first day of March 2008. There were a few piles of cold snow that had not melted yet all over the ground. The weather was just how I hoped it would be. It was not too cold and not too hot. The sun was shining bright in the afternoon sky. I was sitting anxiously at the reception hall waiting for the cake to be delivered. I still had to decorate the cake with the pink silk roses. Then I had to go get my hair and makeup done. I had to be at the church on time. I could not believe that the people from the bakery arrived late. I hoped that this was not sign that the rest of the day would have problems too. I was late but I finally got to the church, and I could see the huge black limo was already sitting in the parking lot waiting for us. Inside the church, there were pink, white and silver sparkly decorations everywhere. Almost all of the decorations that were used in the church were handmade by me. I had spent hours and hours every week at Hobby Lobby, and others craft stores trying to find exactly what I wanted to use. I had made fifty white and pink shiny tulle bows that were on each one of the pews. I was so proud of all the work I had done. The night before, hours and hours had been spent carefully making every single thing look absolutely perfect. I was getting ready to walk down the aisle with my father at my side. I was not sure how he was feeling. I am the oldest daughter of four, and I am the first one to get married. I am sure he had no idea we were going to be married so soon in our relationship. I also was the first child to move out f the home because my sisters are much younger than I am. I knew he liked my husband though. After all, he did hire him as an employee when we had first started dating. I liked the fact that my father had offered him a job at his construction company. He had been working at a different construction company at the time, and my father offered him more money to come work for him. All that mattered to me was that he knew I was going to be with someone who would take care of me. I had never had this many butterflies in my stomach before. I stared down at my bouquet. I did not think that it would have turned out so good. I made it myself with large and small light pink roses and silver sparkling ribbon tied in a zigzag design all the way around. I felt like a princess in my strapless long flowing beaded white gown. I loved that my butterfly tattoo on my shoulder stood out like a stunning piece of art. The colors are so bright most people think it is not real. My veil was what I had always wanted. It had beautiful beading all over that looked like it had taken someone hours and hours to do, and it was long enough to drag the floor. I had always wanted to wear elbow length white gloves and I found the perfect ones that had beading on them that perfectly matched my dress. My hair was done by one of my good friends who I went to high school with. She put in long dark extensions that matched my hair color. Then she put long loose curls all over. It was nothing special, but it looked amazing. I had never felt so beautiful in my life. Every pew in the church was filled with people. I had no idea that so many people would actually come. I was so excited that my uncle had came from California. My grandpa, that I never get to see, also came. It seemed like I had been standing next to the door forever. I started to think about my chihuahua puppy Zoe. I wished she could be here with us. I hated leaving her by herself for a long period of time. I had wanted her to be the ring bearer. I had even found a little t-shirt at a pet store that was black and white that said ring bearer on it. It even had a place to tie the rings too, but I knew it wouldn’t work out. She absolutely hates everyone but me and Adam. She would have tried to bite every person who came near her. I finally heard the all-familiar song, and I knew it was time to start walking down the aisle. The ushers opened the doors for us, and we walked down the white sheer aisle runner with the pink silk rose petals on it. I got a little nervous and started walking too fast. My father had to tell me to slow down. I was just trying to remember everything I had to do. I didn’t want to look like an idiot and like I didn’t know what I was doing. I finally got to the stage and waited for the preacher to ask â€Å"Who gives this woman to this man? † My dad said, â€Å"Her mother and I. Then I tried not to fall and go up the step to be next to my soon-to-be husband. We stood under a huge silver heart shaped metal arch covered with vines of green leaves, big pink roses, and small white roses. I could not be any more excited. Our wedding day had finally come. All the days of stress and planning were all worth it. All the things that I didn’t get that I wanted and that w ere not perfect didn’t matter to me anymore. I looked into his caring eyes and smiled. This was the man I am going to spend the rest of my life with

Investment detective free essay sample

However, the rank simply inspected by the cash flows is not the best method to evaluate the projects. Because this method does not consider time period, WACC, Net present value and other factors. All the factors could affect the value of project. 2. To evaluate the investment projects, we can use 5 main methods, NPV, IRR, MIRR, payback and discount payback. Each method has different advantage to evaluate the investment projects. It is better to use NPV and MIRR methods to evaluate the projects. NPV can provide basic accurate methods to use time value of money to estimate investments. Decision makers and investors are very interesting with this rate. But MIRR is better than IRR because MIRR will includes both reinvestment rate and WACC. IRR Normal: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Project number 7 4 8 3 5 1 6 2 IRR 15. 26% 12. 33% 11. 41% 11. 33% 11. 12% 10. 87% 10. 00% 6. 31% IRR Reinvestment: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Project number 3 7 8 4 5 1 6 2 NPV $393. 92 $331. 15 $276. 88 $228. 22 $129. 70 $107. 18 $0. 00 -$261. 36 MRR Normal: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Project number 7 3 8 4 1 5 6 2 MIRR 11. 76% 11. 33% 11. 18% 10. 65% 10. 49% 10. 46% 10. 00% 8. 41% MIRR Reinvestment: Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 Project number 3 8 4 7 2 5 1 6 MIRR 11. 33% 10. 81% 10. 65% 10. 59% 9. 66% 10. 46% 10. 29% 10. 00% Besides, payback and discount payback methods can also be used. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment detective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These methods can provide very important information about risk and liquidity. The shorter the payback is, the higher the project’s liquidity will be. But there are not the best methods to estimate. Regular Payback for Normal Investment Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Project number 6 7 2 8 4 1 5 3 Payback -0. 29 1. 89 2 6. 04 6. 05 6. 06 7. 14 14. 2 Regular Payback for Reinvestment Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Project number 6 7 2 8 4 1 5 3 Payback 10 1. 89 4. 51 The Discount Payback method is in the following Appendix. 4. Project 1 is very similar with amortizing fix-rate bond. The current price of the bond is $2,000,000. Also, it has constant PMT as $330,000 and par value as $1,000,000. For project 2, the cash inflow is only for three years and the annual cash inflows are decreased. It could be advertising campaign, because the annual rate of return of advertising gets lower. Project 3 is very similar with the Mortgage investment. People bought a house that costs $2,000,000, and the householder sells it for $10,000,000 after 15 years. Project 4 could be investment on an environmental unfriendly factory. After the factory stop working, it needs to spend money to clean up the materials that threats the environment. Therefore, it will generate money for 14 years, and loss exactly the same amount as its initial investment. The project 5 can be a long-term loan. The financial instrument lends the money to individual with a constant interest rate. Project 6 could be stock with 10% interest rate. The trend of cash flow in project eight is similar with the investment in a well running and start-up company. The cash flow is negative in the first few years. The net income increases with good operation and management in the following years. Therefore, the cash flow becomes positive. Project 7 could be an investment on a consumer goods factory. It will generate more cash when the products just come into the market. But cash flow will go down if the company does not launch new products. Project 8 will be high technology company, like apple. It will lose money at the beginning of the investment because not a lot of people know about it. Also, not all the people can afford to buy it. After a while, more people recognize it; therefore, company will suddenly generate more money. Project# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Real investment project Amortizing fix-rate bond Advertising campaign Real estate investment Environmental unfriendly factories Long-term loan Stock Consumer goods factory High Technology company 5. I would like to select project 3, 4, 5, and 7 as the top 4 investment projects. Project 3 is the most attractive investment project for investors. The NPV of project 3 is $393,920,000. It is the highest NPV among the 8 projects. Also, the MIRR of project 3 is very high. But project 3 high risk and low liquidity. However, we only consider the quantitative factors to evaluate these projects. Therefore I select project 3 as my first choice to invest. In addition, project 7 and 8 are mutually exclusive. Also, both of them have a good performance in cash flow. According to the rank and data in exhibits, I choose to invest project seven rather than the project eight because project 7 has a higher MIRR than that of project 8. Also, the payback period for project 7 is lower than the payback period for project 8.